assumed an inverter/storage ratio of 1.67 based on guidance from (Denholm et al., 2017). We use the same model and methodology but do not restrict the power or energy capacity of the BESS. Though these changes are small, we recommend using the data presented here in the ATB rather than those previously published with the Storage Futures Study.īase year costs for commercial and industrial BESS are based on NREL’s bottom-up BESS cost model using the data and methodology of (Ramasamy et al., 2021), who estimated costs for a 600-kW DC stand-alone BESS with 0.5–4.0 hours of storage.

However, we note that during the elapsed time between the calculations for the Storage Futures Study and the ATB release, updated values have been calculated as more underlying data have been collected. This work incorporates base year battery costs and breakdowns from (Ramasamy et al., 2021), which works from a bottom-up cost model. The bottom-up battery energy storage systems (BESS) model accounts for major components, including the LIB pack, inverter, and the balance of system (BOS) needed for the installation. The costs presented here (and on the distributed residential storage and utility-scale storage pages) are an updated version based on this work. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) Storage Futures Study examined energy storage costs broadly and specifically the cost and performance of LIBs (Augustine and Blair, 2021). There are a variety of other commercial and emerging energy storage technologies as costs are well characterized, they will be added to future editions of the ATB. It represents only lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)-with nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) chemistries-at this time, with LFP becoming the primary chemistry for stationary storage starting in 2021. The 2022 ATB represents cost and performance for battery storage across a range of durations (1–8 hours).

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